Synthetic Bone Substitutes in Combination with Growth Factors for Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation: A Mini-review
Cleopatra C. Nacopoulos *
Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
Ismene Dontas
Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
Efstathios Chronopoulos
Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
Lubna Khaldi
Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
Anna Maria Vesala
Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
Ioannis K. Triantafyllopoulos
Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
Nikolaos Papaioannou
Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Objective: Growth factors have been applied in maxillary sinus augmentation with clinically successful results. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of growth factors in combination with various synthetic scaffolds.
Methods and Materials: A systematic review of studies examining the effects of synthetic materials in combination with growth factors were performed.
Results: Twelve (1 human and 11 animal) studies were eligible for inclusion. Due to the great heterogeneity of the studies regarding design, materials and outcomes, a meta-analysis was not performed. The majority of the studies show a reduction in healing time and enhancement of bone formation within the subantral environment. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and GDF-5 were the two most common osteoinductive factors studied, showing a significant effect on new bone formation. Moreover, initial outcomes of trials with stem cells genetic transformation, that results in increased production of growth factors, are positive and justify further research.
Conclusion: The incorporation of growth factors into the synthetic scaffold may be beneficial regarding the healing process.
Keywords: Sinus augmentation, synthetic materials, PRF, growth factors