Profound Study for Functions of Antimicrobial Peptides in Prevention of Oral Disease
Mohamad Sadek Alalwani
Department of Basic Medical Science, Al-Farabi Colleges of Dentistry, Jeddah, KSA
Mohamed Yasser Kharma *
Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Aleppo University, Syria and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Al Farabi Colleges of Dentistry, Jeddah, KSA.
Ghassan Aws
Oral Medicine, Department Oral Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges of Dentistry, Jeddah, KSA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a widespread distribution in human body and have antimicrobial activity against microorganisms with wide-range class of host-defense molecules. These are small cationic peptides that play an important role in the development of innate immunity with activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria, parasites, fungi and some viruses.
In the oral cavity, the AMPs are produced by the salivary glands and the oral epithelium and serve as defensive purposes. At least forty-five identifiable antimicrobial gene products found in saliva are secreted from oral epithelial cells, salivary glands and neutrophils. AMPs also serve as effective biological molecules in immune response activation, inflammation and wound healing
The aim of this review was to discuss the types and functions of oral AMPs and their role in combating microorganisms and infections in the oral cavity.
AMPs have a promising potential to be used against oral microbes in order to control their growth and biofilm formation. There are many challenges that need to be overcome in order to design and synthesize AMPs that have the ability to with stand the unique and harsh oral environment. AMPs are expected in the future to be used as models for developing effective oral microbial antibiotics.
Keywords: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), oral lesions, defensins, cathelicidins, histatins