Statin Use and Risk of Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Carlos Wagner Leal Cordeiro Júnior *

Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Campus Mauá, São Paulo, Brazil.

Vanessa Santana Lobo

Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

Samuel Cândido Freres

Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

João Francisco Severo-Santos

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Maria Eduarda Dorneles Ferraz

Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Montes Claros (FUNORTE), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Juliano dos Santos

Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Claudia Jemima Passos Pinto

Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.

Rebeca Augusto Silvestre

Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, Brazil.

Élida Lúcia Ferreira Assunção

Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of statin therapy in preventing cognitive decline and dementia among older adults through an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251176162).

Methods/Data Sources: Data were collected from international electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and LILACS) from inception to October 2025.

Methodology: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and LILACS up to October 2025 for RCTs and prospective cohort studies comparing statin therapy with placebo or no treatment in adults aged ≥60 years. Primary outcomes included incident cognitive decline or dementia. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models.

Results: Ten studies (five RCTs and five cohorts) encompassing approximately 230,000 participants were included. Statin use was not significantly associated with overall cognitive decline or dementia (OR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.60–1.47). For Alzheimer’s disease, the association was neutral (OR = 1.28; 95% CI 0.42–3.85), while cohort data suggested a modest protective effect (OR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.94–0.99). Heterogeneity was low to moderate (I² = 0–48%).

Conclusion: Statin therapy appears cognitively safe in older adults and may confer slight neuroprotective effects in selected populations. Clinicians should continue prescribing statins for cardiovascular prevention without concern for adverse cognitive outcomes, while ongoing trials will clarify their potential role in dementia prevention.

Keywords: Statins, cognitive decline, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, meta-analysis, elderly, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors


How to Cite

Júnior, Carlos Wagner Leal Cordeiro, Vanessa Santana Lobo, Samuel Cândido Freres, João Francisco Severo-Santos, Maria Eduarda Dorneles Ferraz, Juliano dos Santos, Claudia Jemima Passos Pinto, Rebeca Augusto Silvestre, and Élida Lúcia Ferreira Assunção. 2025. “Statin Use and Risk of Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 37 (11):364-79. https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2025/v37i115991.

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