Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research

Background: The quality of healthcare services has become a recurring theme in global discussions, especially considering challenges related to limited access and the increasing life expectancy of the population. The clinical-epidemiological profile aims to stratify prevalent aspects, from the patient’s personal data and associated comorbidities to the performance of the surgical procedure.

Aims: To identify clinical and epidemiological characteristics of surgical patients treated at an integrated clinic of a University Center located in the municipality of Várzea Grande/MT, Brazil.

Methodology: This is a retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with a quantitative analysis of 219 medical records of patients treated at the surgical clinic outpatient department between 2022 and 2023.

Results: Of the patients seen, 52.4% were male, and the predominant age group was 31 to 60 years (44.3%). The most common marital status was single (42.5%). Regarding the medical speciality attended, general surgeries were the most frequent, followed by pediatric and vascular surgeries. Regarding pre-existing conditions, 58.9% of the patients had no comorbidities. Hypertension (28.3%) was the most prevalent, followed by dyslipidemia (7.8%) and diabetes (6.4%). Among the patients, 47.5% reported previous surgeries, 65.3% regularly used medication, and 21% were smokers. In addition, 11% had been hospitalised in the previous 3 months. On physical examination, 90.86% had alterations, with the abdominal system being the most affected (44.29%). Regarding laboratory and imaging tests, 72% of patients showed significant alterations. The most common primary diagnosis was hernia (31.96%), followed by biliary diseases (11.87%) and varicose veins (8.21%). The surgical indication rate was high, with 12.78% of patients actually undergoing the procedure, and complications were rare, occurring in only 0.45% of cases.

Conclusion: The study showed that most of the patients treated were between 31 and 60 years old, living in Várzea Grande/MT, with a predominant diagnosis of hernias and biliary diseases. Many had comorbidities, with hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking being the most prevalent. Moreover, the discrepancy between surgical indications and the performance of surgeries highlights challenges in access to treatment.