Socio-demographic and Clinical Profile of Leprosy and Outcome of New Cases between 2012 and 2022: A Study in Brazil
Lucas de Sousa Miranda
Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA), Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
Gleicy Evellyn Amorim Magalhães
Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA), Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
Jhennifer Pereira dos Santos
Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA), Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
Maísa Barroso de Araújo
Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA), Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
Sabrina Dias dos Santos
Faculdade Integrada Brasil Amazônia (FIBRA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Werllison Mateus Silva Lobato
Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Perla Katheleen Valente Corrêa
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGV/IEC), Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
Barbara Alves Ruela de Azevedo Ruivo
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará (PPGDT/ UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Claudia Ozela El – Husny
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGBPA/UEPA/IEC), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Fabiane Oliveira da Silva
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (PPGSC/EPM/Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil.
Mauro Victor Brabo Vergueiro
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGV/IEC), Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
Larissa Karem Santos Rego
Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Nayara do Socorro Souza Chaves
Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Yasmin Martins de Sousa *
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Pará (PPGENF/UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Daniele Melo Sardinha
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGBPA/UEPA/IEC), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Bruna Rafaela da Silva Sousa
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência e Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Pará (PPGNBC/UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This study aims to determine the sociodemographic and clinical profile of new leprosy cases in Brazil between 2012 and 2022.
Study Design: Analysis of the sociodemographic and clinical profile of leprosy in the regions of Brazil and the evolution of new cases between 2012 and 2022.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Brazil from 2012 to 2022, using real-world data from epidemiological surveillance.
Methodology: This is an ecological, quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study. Ecological study research compares the occurrence of the disease/health-related condition and the exposure of interest among aggregates of individuals (populations of countries, regions or municipalities, for example) in order to verify the possible existence of an association between them.
Results: The heterogeneity of new cases of the disease was observed, with significant variations between the regions investigated. There was a predominance in all regions of multibacillary cases in men (44.12%), aged between 20 and 59 years (65.08%), brown individuals, the latter, however, with a higher incidence in the North and Northeast regions. There was a predominance of grade zero disability (57%), although there were significant figures for grades I (23.61%) and II (7.55%) between the regions. With regard to the type of outcome, in all regions there were significant figures for cure (73.46%). The rates of death and misdiagnosis were relatively low, but there was a high dropout rate, especially for the multibacillary form (80.78%).
Conclusion: The low level of schooling was shown to be a factor related to the different proportions of operational forms of leprosy cases between the five regions, especially the poorest and those with the highest incidence.
Keywords: Leprosy, operational form, epidemiology, socio demographic profile, surveillance