Promethazine Induced Dystonic Reaction in a Nigerian Child: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Achigbu Kingsley I.
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Odinaka Kelechi Kenneth *
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Onwukwe Uzoma
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Ikejiaku Udochikwuka Patience
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Nwaoha Chinyere
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Drug-induced dystonic reactions are reversible movement and posture disorders that occur after administration of certain drugs. They are characterised by intermittent spasmodic or sustained involuntary contractions of various muscles in the body and are often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed in clinical practice. These reactions occasionally are life threatening and can be distressing to the patients and their families. In developing countries like Nigeria, parents frequently administer promethazine to their kids to alleviate vomiting. However, it is worthy of note that oral administration of promethazine can cause dystonic reactions.
Herein, we describe the management of a 13-month-old male with promethazine-induced dystonic reactions who was misdiagnosed as severe malaria on presentation. Our aim is to increase awareness of promethazine –induced dystonia among clinicians.
Keywords: Acute dystonia, medication-induced, promethazine, medical treatment