Hypothermia Effects Observed Under Anesthesia: An Integrative Literature Review
Fábio Salgado
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Leonardo Leão Barros
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Vitor Hugo Auzier
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Gabriel Henrique Moura Texeira de Barros
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Gustavo Pantoja Brazâo
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Taísa Andrade Pereira Dutra
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil and Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará, PA, Brazil.
Daniele Salgado *
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil and Afya Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Bragança, PA, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Of the regular temperature of approximately 37°C, about 0.8°C are dedicated to the internal maintenance of the brain, heart and organs located in the abdomen, being said of the central temperature, with the aim of avoiding large variations in temperature, in order to favour the functions of the vital systems. When the central temperature drops to less than 36°C, then hypothermia occurs.The studies suggest the control and monitoring of the patient's temperature during surgery, and point out strategies for the maintenance of the temperature and loss of heat in the patient, from preheating with varying duration thermal blanket and heating of intravenous fluids.Thinking about this, the objective of this review was to provide comprehensive information about the effects of perioperative hypothermia and its risks and consequences in patients undergoing the anesthetic act within and outside the surgical block, from the study of the current available literature.The research led to ten publications, mostly listed with level I evidence (5); in other level II articles (2); only one level III article and fourth level articles. All the papers explored the control, monitoring, consequences and risks of perioperative hypothermia. Concluding that continuing education, training, building skills to implement the current hypothermia management guidelines and institutional support are fundamental aspects inining episodes of perioperative hypothermie.
Keywords: Perioperative hypothermia, thermoregulation, anesthesia, physiological effects