Association between Estrogen Receptors Alpha and Beta and Developmental Defects of Enamel: Cross-Sectional Study
Katia Regina Felizardo Vasconcelos *
Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Gabriela Fonseca-Souza
Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Isabela Ribeiro Madalena
Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil and School of Dentistry, Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves University Center, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Paulo Nelson-Filho
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Juliana Feltrin-Souza
Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Carolina Paes Torres
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cesar Penazzo Lepri
Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Christian Kirschneck
Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Erika Calvano Küchler
Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Maria Angelica Hueb de Menezes-Oliveira
Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: The genes encoding estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ESR1 and ESR2) are expressed during odontogenesis and may be involved in developmental defects of enamel (DDEs).
Aims: To investigate the association between DDE and genetic polymorphisms ESR1 and ESR2.
Study Design: Cross-sectional.
Place: Department of Orthodontics at School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FORP/USP).
Methodology: Ninety-one (91) patients of both sexes were included in this study (mean age 14.1 ± 5.8 years). DDEs were evaluated by a calibrated examiner using the criteria proposed by Ghanim et al. (2015) (Kappa >0.80). Genomic DNA from saliva was used to evaluate four genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799) and ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938). Genotyping was performed through Real-Time PCR. The data were analyzed using the PLINK software. Associations were tested by Chi-square or Fisher exact tests. The established alpha was 5%.
Results: A total of 38.5% of the sample presented some DDE (excluding dental fluorosis). DDE was not associated with the polymorphisms rs2234693 and rs9340799 in ESR1 and rs1256049 and rs4986938 in ERS2 (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 were not associated with DDE.
Keywords: Dental enamel hypomineralization, receptor, estrogen, polymorphism, genes