Calprotectin as a Possible Biomarker in Various Lung Diseases
Maryam Abbas *
Shihezi University, China.
Olumide Ijishakin
American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Antigua.
Shwetha Gopal
Davao Medical School Foundation, Philippines.
Iqra Saeed
Khyber Girls Medical College, Pakistan.
Shilpa Arcot
North Sichuan Medical College, China.
Chidera Emmanuel Okezie
American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Antigua.
Gift Joanna Agbo
American University of St. Vincent School of Medicine, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
Victor Chiedozie Ezeamii
Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, United States.
Omobolaji Samuel Ajayi
All Saints University School of Medicine, Dominica.
Ngozi Amanze
American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Antigua.
Sadam Alzaki
Al-Zaiem Al-Azhari University, Sudan.
Tambi Isaac
Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Russia.
Husna Shahnoor
Deccan College of Medical Sciences, India.
Efe Okunzuwa
Igbinedion University Okada, Nigeria.
Amy Alfy
Caribbean Medical University School of Medicine, Curaçao.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Calprotectin (CLP) comprises two calcium-binding proteins from the S-100 protein family, S100A8 and S100A9. CLP involves various cellular processes in lung health and disease, including anti-microbial functions, pro- and anti-tumor properties, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The systematic review explores the potential of calprotectin as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for various respiratory diseases. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and comprehensively searched electronic databases. Of 290 initially identified studies, 13 were included Olumide Ijishakin in the review, covering conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF), lung cancer, COVID-19, asthma, and interstitial lung disease. For CF, fecal calprotectin showed promise as a non-invasive biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring pulmonary exacerbations. In lung cancer, calprotectin and other markers demonstrated potential for identifying high-risk individuals. In COVID-19, calprotectin levels were associated with disease severity and mortality risk. For asthma, calprotectin's role in neutrophil activation and neutrophilic asthma development was investigated. The review emphasizes the importance of robust biomarkers in improving disease management, reducing mortality rates, and enhancing patient care for respiratory conditions. Further research and validation studies are needed to establish the clinical utility of calprotectin as a biomarker for respiratory diseases.
Keywords: Calprotectin, lung diseases, cystic fibrosis, COVID-19, asthma, lung cancer, interstitial lung disease