Unraveling the Interplay of Oxidative Stress, Aging, and Skeletal Muscle: Insights and Interventions for Optimal Muscle Function in the Elderly
Luiz Augusto Da Silva *
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cincias Farmaceuticas (Unicentro), Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil and Physical Education Departiment (UniGuairacá), Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil.
Carlos Ricardo Maneck Malfatti
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cincias Farmaceuticas (Unicentro), Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil.
Kelly Cristina Nogueira Soares
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cincias Farmaceuticas (Unicentro), Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil.
Marcielli Cristina Da Silva
Physical Education Departiment (UniGuairacá), Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil.
Marcos Roberto Brasil
Physical Education Departiment (UniGuairacá), Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Purpose: Aging is related to the onset of sarcopenia. Understand how its development occurs by immunological factors by oxidative stress. One of the main effects for a person is the reduction of muscle function. Aerobic and resistance physical exercise can reduce the progression of oxidative stress and, consequently, sarcopenia.
Materials and Methods: Systematic review with a sample of six scientific papers published in academic journals.
Discussion and Conclusion: Studies show that exercise then induces a prevention response to free radical damage. Furthermore, physical exercise induces effects on the concentration of superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), catalase, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1a), which are important for better skeletal muscle condition. Understanding how the elderly muscle responds to exercise is important, and it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation and the modulation of the proinflammatory cytokines and the antioxidant system in response to the exercise.
Keywords: Sarcopenia, cachexia, exercise, atrophy