An Overview of Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Chukwuka Elendu *
Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Nigeria.
Abasi-Okot A. Udoyen
National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine.
Precious A. Ante
Windsor University School of Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Emmanuel S. Meribole
Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
Oseremen V. Okpujie
Our Lady of Apostle, Akwanga, Nigeria.
Mohamed Abdirahman
Vinnytsya National Medical University, Ukraine.
Ibukunoluwa V. Ishola
Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
Chidinma M. Ogah
Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
Chiagozie P. Ayabazu
Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
Akinbayo A. Akintunde
Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
Ifeanyichukwu C. Ogbuiyi-Chima
Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
Richard C. Ikpegbu
Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
Fiyinfoluwa E. Ayodele
Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
Toluwanimi S. Oseni
Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
Emmanuel O. Egbunu
University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Augustina O. Torubiri
Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Nigeria.
Karen C. Olumba
Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Nigeria.
Clinton A. Olawuni
General Hospital, Odan, Nigeria.
Faeren C. Atsehe
Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Nigeria.
Geraldine C. Okafor
University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
ADHF is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome that usually leads to hospitalization due to a combination of interconnected renal dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction, and vascular compliance. Hospitalizations from ADHF are linked to increased morbidity and mortality, with about half of the patients on readmission within six months and short-term cardiac mortality. Importantly, the overall long-term outcome is still poor, combining rates of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Managing these patients remain a challenge, with an emphasis on end-organ perfusion (coronary and renal), primarily volume control and reduction of vascular resistance.
Keywords: Digoxin, afterload, funny current inhibitor, furosemide, pitting edema