Effect of Birth Weight and Mode of Feeding During Early Infancy on Clinical Indicators of Obesity and Lipid Profile in Adulthood
A. P. Kengne Nouemsi *
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Dschang,PO Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon.
D. Kuaté
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Dschang,PO Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon.
G. B. Azantsa Kingue
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of food Sciences and Metabolism, University of Yaounde I PO Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon.
J. Tchinda Nkougni
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of food Sciences and Metabolism, University of Yaounde I PO Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon.
J. L. Ngondi
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of food Sciences and Metabolism, University of Yaounde I PO Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon.
Oben Julius
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of food Sciences and Metabolism, University of Yaounde I PO Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: To study effect of birth weight and mode of feeding during early infancy on clinical indicators of obesity and lipid profile in adulthood.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted on 260 adults aged 21-31 years censured in Yaoundé between February and March 2012.
Methodology: The study was transversal and retrospective. Data such as birth weight, type of breastfeeding and duration of breastfeeding was collected. Participants also followed a food diary for a week.
Anthropometric measurements and cardiovascular risk factors such as total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure were assessed.
Results: There were no significant difference between LBW group and NBW. In HBW group weight, BMI and lean mass were significantly (p< .05) higher than in NBW group. Body fat was significantly (p < .05) high among NBW compare to HBW. These results were confirmed by binary regression for body fat .918 (.852-.988) and lean mass 1.100 (1.039-1.164). Relation between birth weight and body fat showed an inverse and significant (P<.05) correlation. Participants with low birth weight (LBW) had a concentration of total plasma cholesterol significantly higher than participants with normal birth weight (NBW) (p < .05) or High birth weight (HBW) (p < .05). Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation was noted between the total plasma cholesterol (P < .01), LDL cholesterol (P < .05) and the birth weight. The plasmatic total cholesterol (p < .05) and LDL cholesterol (p < .05) of participants who had mixed feeding was also higher compared to those who have been under exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months.
Conclusion: birth weight and mode of feeding during early infancy have effects on clinical indicators of obesity and lipid profile in adulthood.
Keywords: Birth weight, obesity, adulthood, lipid profile, breastfeeding, clinical indicators