Prevalence and Determinants of Microalbuminuria in Sickle Cell Disease Patients
Ayoola Odeyemi *
Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Adeola O. Ajibare
Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Olalekan E. Ojo
Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Oluwafemi T. Ojo
Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Boma Paul-Odo
Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Oluyomi O. Okunola
Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Fatiu A. Arogundade
Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Abubakr A. Sanusi
Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common cause of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and microalbuminuria is a predictor of CKD.
Aims: To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria (MA) in SCD patients as well as the clinical correlates of MA in these individuals.
Study Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State and Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, between May 2016 to April 2017
Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved a total of 100 individuals with SCD. Blood and urine samples were obtained for haematology, chemistry and urine albumin/ creatinine ratio (UACR).
Results: All the 100 studied subjects completed the study. The SCD group comprises both HbSS (86%) and HbSC (14%) subjects. The percentage of individuals with MA in the SCD subjects was 61%. The mean age of individuals with MA was 30.5(11.3) years compared to mean age of 25.3(6.8) years in those without MA (p= 0.012). In SCD subjects with microalbuminuria, eGFR was found to be significantly lower (p=0.044). The reticulocyte index, serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum albumin are the clinical correlates associated with MA in individuals with SCD.
Conclusions: MA is prevalent among subjects with SCD and should be a routine method of detecting early onset of sickle cell nephropathy.
Keywords: SCD, microalbuminuria, sickle cell nephropathy, CKD