Ten Days Storage of Platelets: Analysis of Quality and Safety
Kamie Marie Grech
Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Malta.
Byron Baron
Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Malta.
Vanessa Zammit *
Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Malta, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Malta and National Blood Transfusion Services Malta, Malta.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: The necessity for Platelet Concentrates (PCs) in transfusion has increased, and several measures have been undertaken to try and increase the shelf-life of this product. Increasing the shelf-life to 10 days from the current 5 days will increase availability and reduce waste and cost. However, the PCs need to maintain their safety and therapeutic efficacy over the extended storage time. To ensure the safety of this product, the bag should be sterile, with low concentrations of cytokines to prevent transfusion reactions, and the platelet indices should be within the therapeutic range to ensure efficacy. The aim of this study is to determine whether PCs retain quality standards and thus, remain fit for transfusion after being stored for 10 days in SSP+ at 22±2°C with constant agitation.
Study Design: Qualitative study.
Place and Duration of Study: National Blood Transfusion Service Malta, between March 2021 and June 2022.
Methodology: In this study, 20 PCs were analysed by sampling on Day 5 and Day 10 of storage and tested for platelet count and indices, pH, sterility of the product and cytokine concentrations.
Results: The results obtained showed a significant differences in the platelet count and platelet indices and pH. The difference in cytokine concentration of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF—α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were not found to be statistically different between Day 5 and Day 10. Furthermore, 1 PC unit was positive during testing for bacteria detection.
Conclusion: These results showed that the difference between Day 5 and Day 10 is not alarming, and further studies should be made to prolong the storage life to 10 days.
Keywords: Platelet Concentrates, prolonged shelf-life, quality, safety, cytokines