A Narrative Review on Neuromyelitis Optica
Gabriel Alugba *
Delta State University, Delta, Nigeria.
Alexsandra Urhi
Federal Medical Center, Asaba, Nnebisi Road, Isieke 320242, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.
Gibson O. Anugwom
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77080, USA.
Samuel O. Ilikannu
Federal Medical Center, Asaba, Nnebisi Road, Isieke 320242, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.
Omotola Akinade
General Hospital Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria.
Oboseh J. Ogedegbe
Lifeway Medical Center, Abuja, Nigeria.
Tioluwani K. Ojo
Saint Nicholas Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
Ayodeji D. Johnson
V. N. Karazin National University, Ukraine.
Kingsley C. Nwadi
University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Neuromyelitis Optica, also known as Devic's disease, is a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. The mechanism of the disease is given by the generation of IgG antibodies, whose major target is the aquaporin channel 4 (AQP4), causing an inflammatory and demyelinating process in the aforementioned tissues. In this study, we discussed extensively this disease entity by describing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, management, and prognosis.
Keywords: Neuromyelitis optica, devic’s disease, igg autoantibodies to aquaporin 4, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder