The Impact of COVID-19 on Eating Disorder Risks and Symptoms in the General Population: A Systematic Review
Alexsandra Urhi *
Department of Mental Health, Federal Medical Center, Asaba, Nnebisi Road, Isieke 320242, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.
Oluwafemi Akinbode
American Family Care, 464 Eagle Rock Ave, West Orange, NJ, 07052, USA.
Hafiz Olatunde
Jydes Family Clinic, 3550 Old Milton Pkwy, Alpharetta, GA, 30005, Georgia.
Iyanu V. Olateju
Medstar Harbor Hospital, 3001 S Hanover St, Baltimore, Maryland, 21225, USA.
Feyikemi Fasina
University of Lagos, College of Medicine, Nigeria.
Dolly Ogwu
Saint James Medical Center, 5987 Mableton Pkwy SW, Mableton, GA, 30126, Georgia.
Consolata Uzzi
Columbus specialty Hospital, Newark, NJ, USA.
Bolaji Yoade
Interfaith Medical Center, 1545 Atlantic Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11213, USA.
Gibson O. Anugwom
Houston Behavioral Healthcare Hospital, 2801 Gessner Rd, Houston, TX, 77080, USA.
Mary Olowere
Oak Hospital, 191 Lagos Ikorodu Express road, Agric-Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria.
Matthew O. Owolabi
Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
Adeolu F. Oladunjoye
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This study aims to identify the risk factors of eating disorders, evaluate the impact of the pandemic on those with or without pre-existing eating disorders and compare the impact of COVID-19 on the various eating disorders.
Methodology: We searched Public/Publisher MEDLINE (PubMed) and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases from January 2019 to May 2021, 11 observational studies were selected out of 81 initially identified articles. The sample size ranged from 15 to 22,374 participants, with a total of 31,404 participants.
Results: Individuals, especially females aged 18-25 years and 30-45 years were shown to be more susceptible to eating disorder risks and symptoms. Depression and anxiety were shown to be the most prevalent risk factors among all subjects. Exacerbation of symptoms was observed in subjects with the eating disorders except for the anorexia nervosa subgroup which showed minimal changes.
Conclusion: This study established the fact that COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the eating habits of people with or without pre-existing eating disorders (ED). This study also highlights the need for efforts to specifically identify evidence-based measures to support patients with ED during and after a pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19, eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder