Hispanic Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Disease-Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes at a Tertiary Care Center in New York City
Maham Akbar Waheed
*
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Alejandro Munoz-Martinez
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Hitesh Raheja
Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Mazin Khalid
Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Jignesh A. Patel
Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Joshua Fogel
Department of Business Management, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Arsalan Talib Hashmi
Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Samantha Ehrlich
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Awais Aslam
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Dikshya Sharma
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Nnamdi Chukwuka
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Bruno Augusto de Brito Gomes
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Carlos Jose Merino Gualan
Department of Volunteer and Student Services, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Iqra Aftab
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Aparna Tiwari
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Sehajpreet Singh
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Kristal Pouching
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Navjot Somal
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Jacob Shani
Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Geurys Rojas-Marte
Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA and Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Staten Island, NY, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 disease has disproportionately affected ethnic minorities in the US.
Objective: To describe the characteristics and predictors of mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients of Hispanic ethnicity hospitalized for COVID-19 disease.
Design: Retrospective cohort study of 162 patients.
Setting: Tertiary care teaching hospital in Brooklyn, NY.
Patients: Hispanic patients hospitalized with principal diagnosis of COVID-19 disease between March 8, and April 25, 2020.
Methods: Patients were classified into mild/moderate, severe/very severe, and critical disease (intubated) based on oxygen requirements. The primary endpoint was overall mortality rate and the secondary endpoint was LOS.
Results: Mean age was 55.6 years and 40.1% had critical disease. The overall mortality was 35.8%. Increasing age (OR:1.09, 95% CI:1.04, 1.13, p<0.001) and vasopressor use (OR:198.55, 95% CI:15.89, 2480.66, p<0.001) were each independently associated with increased odds for mortality. Steroid use was significantly associated with decreased odds for mortality (OR:0.05, 95% CI:0.004, 0.61, p<0.05). Mean LOS was 14 days. Severe/very severe disease was significantly associated with increased LOS while critical disease was significantly associated with decreased LOS. The use of hydroxychloroquine, steroids, antibiotics, vasopressor, blood transfusion, and diagnosis of bacteremia/fungemia were each significantly associated with increased LOS. Spanish-speaking patients were older than English-speaking ones, however, there was no difference in mortality or LOS between the groups.
Conclusion: Age and vasopressor use was associated with increased mortality in Hispanics. Steroid use was associated with decreased mortality but increased LOS. No difference in outcomes was observed between English- and Spanish-speaking Hispanics.
Keywords: Hispanics, latino, Covid-19 disease, ethnicity, race, public health, Spanish