Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Determinants among Nigeria Citizens: A Web-based Cross-sectional Study
Olanrewaju Davies Eniade *
Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abayomi Olarinmoye
Department of Public Health, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Agofure Otovwe
Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria.
Funke E. Akintunde
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University Ede, Osun State. Nigeria.
Omowumi O. Okedare
Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Adebukola O. Aniyeloye
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: The peculiarity in Nigerians’ demographic, socio-economic and cultural pattern necessitated the need to explore potential COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study investigated the determinants of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria.
Methods: An online cross-sectional study among the general population in Nigeria. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire. A total of 368 individuals participated in the research. The outcome variable was willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine coded as “Yes=1 and No=0.” Basic socio-demographic information of participants and other information related to COVID-19 were obtained. Stata MP 14 was used for the statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented, test of association were carried out using chi square and a binary logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine. All analyses were performed at 5% level of significance.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.4 + 9.65 years. Majority of the study participants were female (58.9%), Yoruba (74.7%) and dwellers of urban area (68.5%). Also, 85.6% have attained tertiary level of education. Two-fifth (40.5%) of respondent reported their willingness to take the COVID-19 if made available. Majority (69.8%) of those that are willing to take the vaccine would prefer a live attenuated form and 39.6% would prefer the vaccine administered intramuscularly.
Age group≥40 years (AOR: 5.20, CI: 1.02- 26.41), currently married (AOR: 2.81, CI: 1.05 – 7.53) and susceptibility to COVID 19 infection (AOR: 2.52, CI: 1.21 – 5.26) were associated with likelihood of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine.
Conclusion: Despite the fact that majority were at risk of COVID-19 infection, willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine was low among Nigerians. Level of maturity in terms of age and marriage as well as susceptibility to COVID-19 infection increased the likelihood of accepting COVID-19 infection. In Furtherance, younger ones, unmarried and non-susceptible individual may require more efforts tailored towards enrichment of understanding about the importance of COVID-19 vaccine in other to improve the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria.
Keywords: COVID-19, vaccine, infection and Nigeria