Quantifying Resistance to Sliding in Orthodontics: A Systematic Review
Hamza Tageldin
Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula
Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Patrick Thevissen
Department of Oral Health Sciences-Forensic Dentistry, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Jean-Pierre Celis
Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Faculty of Engineering, University of KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and Falex Tribology N.V., Wingepark 23B, 3110 Rotselaar, Belgium
Guy Willems *
Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Objective: The present article aims to review all the in vitro experimental setups available in literature used to evaluate the resistance to sliding (RS) in orthodontics in correlation with other related parameters.
Methods: An electronic search was performed in three different data bases including all articles published until 20th February 2016. Additionally, a manual search through the reference lists of the collected records was performed. Studies that addressed different experimental setups to evaluate RS were selected, reviewed, and grouped per research group. The experimental setups were compared and assessed based on their degree of clinical simulation.
Results: A total of 1380 non-duplicate records were primarily selected in the electronic search. After applying the selection criteria, only 189 studies were considered eligible.
Conclusion: The clinical simulation of each setup varied based on the aim of the performed investigation. None of the included experimental setups could achieve a full clinical simulation by studying several variables synergistically in a scenario as similar as possible to the oral environment.
Clinical Relevance: Unfortunately, in vivo evaluation of RS is not possible so far. Therefore, reviewing the in vitro methods and analyzing them on the light of the clinical situations they represent, would be of a great clinical benefit. Deeper understanding of this multifactorial phenomenon will help improving the current in vitro designs with an obvious clinical impact.
Keywords: Experimental design, friction, resistance to sliding, in vitro techniques, orthodontics, systematic review.