Malaria in Pregnancy: Prevalence and Risk Factors in the Mamfe Health District, Cameroon
Felix Amate Elime *
Regional Delegation of Public Health, SWR, P.O.Box 281, Buea, Cameroon.
N. Rene Nkenyi
School of Public Health, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
Luis Ako-Egbe
International Society for Quality in Healthcare (ISQua), Edinburg, USA.
Ann Njunda
Department of Public Health and Hygiene, University of Buea, P.O.Box 63, SWR, Cameroon.
Dickson Nsagha
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Buea, P.O.Box 63, SWR, Cameroon.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background and Aim: Malaria remains a major public health problem and a global threat to humanity especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In a bit to combat malaria in Cameroon, about 8million Cameroonian received the insecticide treating nets (ITNs) in 2011. However, hospital based reported prevalence of malaria still remains high. Our objective was to determine the community based prevalence and possible risk factors of malaria in pregnancy in the Mamfe health district, south west region-Cameroon.
Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study involving 269 pregnant women in the Mamfe health district of Cameroon. Three out of the 5 health areas were randomly selected and pregnant women were later sampled by convenience and an interviewer administered questionnaire was done. Also rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria was done for all the participants. Data was analysed using Epi info version 3.5.4 at a level of error of 5%.
Results: Of the 269 pregnant women who took part in the study, 106 (39.6%) were positive for malaria. Risk factors associated with developing malaria among them were: presence of mosquito breeding sites (OR=0.001, 95%CI; 0.02-0.27, p-value=0.001), not sleeping under Insecticide treated nets(ITNs) (OR=0.01, 95%CI; 0.01-0.03, p-value=0.001), bushes around houses (OR=0.24, 95%CI; 0.07-0.79, p-value=0.02) and not taking intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) (OR=0.08, 95%CI; 0.01-0.49 p-value=0.01). Majority of participant knew malaria can be prevented by sleeping under ITNs 75% (95%CI; 69.9-80.5) and uptake of IPT 23.8% (95%CI; 18.8-29.2).
Conclusion: Prevalence of malaria in pregnancy in the Mamfe health district is higher than reported by the regional delegation of public health for the south west. Risk factors include: mosquito breeding sites, bushes around compound, not taking IPT and none use bed nets are known to pregnant women. Interventions to fight against malaria in pregnancy should target intensification of health education on environmental hygiene and use of ITNs.
Keywords: Malaria, pregnancy, prevalence, risk factors, Mamfe, Cameroon