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Interleukin Deficiency Disorder Patient Responses to COVID-19 Infections

  • Bruce S. Gillis
  • Igor M. Gavin
  • Farnaz Barkhordar
  • Gayatry Mohapatra
  • Ming Jin
  • Frederick G. Behm

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, Page 40-45
DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i830884
Published: 7 April 2021

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Abstract


Background: The chemokine, cytokine interleukin deficiency disorder defines the immune deficiency disease of fibromyalgia and a reduced ability to produce IL-6 and IL-8. Recent research has demonstrated improved outcomes in COVID-19 infections treated with IL-6 antagonists.9 These fibromyalgia cytokine deficient patients were screened for COVID-19 infections and associated morbidity and mortality rates.


Methods: Two cohorts of FM/a test positive fibromyalgia patients were evaluated.  Initially, 4,631 patients were screened to determine the occurrence of known COVID-19 infections. Subsequently, 2,195 FM/a test positive patients underwent COVID-19 antibody testing. 


Results: A total of 7,375 fibromyalgia patients were screened for the occurrence of COVID-19 infections. Of these, 4,631 individuals responded to an email-based inquiry to determine the occurrence of documented COVID-19 infections. Only 10 reported having symptoms consistent with and were diagnosed with COVID-19 by a healthcare professional, making for an incidence of .22%. Another 2,195 fibromyalgia patients completed health questionnaires and COVID-19 antibody testing and 82 had evidence of COVID-19 antibodies with 42 exhibiting symptoms and confirmed diagnoses. Of the remaining, 23 were asymptomatic.  There were no deaths and only 1 hospitalization in this group.


Conclusion: Individuals with FM/a test positive fibromyalgia have a reduced ability to produce IL-6 and IL-8 which play significant roles in the cytokine storm complications associated with COVID-19 infections. When screened for evidence of past COVID-19 infections, these patients experienced an extremely low incidence of COVID-19 infections based upon antibody testing, there were no mortalities and the level of morbidity was significantly below what has been reported in general populations.


Keywords:
  • Fibromyalgia
  • COVID-19
  • IL-6
  • Full Article - PDF
  • Review History

How to Cite

GillisB. S., GavinI. M., BarkhordarF., MohapatraG., JinM., & BehmF. G. (2021). Interleukin Deficiency Disorder Patient Responses to COVID-19 Infections. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 33(8), 40-45. https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i830884
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References

Behm FG, et al. Unique Immunologic Patterns in Fibromyalgia. BMC Clinical Pathology. 2012;12:25

Wallace D, et al. Cytokine and chemokine profiles in Fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythe- matosus: A potentially useful tool in differential diagnosis. Rheumatology International; 2015.

Zeng H, et al. Longitudinal profile of laboratory parameters and their application in the prediction for fatal outcome among patients infected with SARS-COV-2: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases; 2020

Mahmudpour M, et al. COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation. Cytokine. 2020.133.

Ghazavi A, et al. Cytokine profile and disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Cytokine. 2020;137

Mc Elvaney OJ, et al. A linear prognostic score based on the ratio of interleukin-6 to interleukin-10 predicts outcomes in COVID-19. E Bio Medicine 2020;61.

Nagant C, et al. A score combining early detection of cytokines accurately predicts COVID-19 severity and intensive care unit transfer. International Journal of Infectious Diseases; 2020.

Noroozi R, et al. Altered cytokine levels and immune responses in patients with SARS-COV-2 Infection and Related Conditions. Cytokine. 2020;133.

REMAP-CAP Investigators: Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19. NEJM; 2021.
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