The Knowledge of and Attitude to Hospital-acquired Infections among Public and Private Healthcare Workers in South-East, Nigeria
Angus Nnamdi Oli *
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Callistus Chibuike Ekejindu
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Obiora Shedrack Ejiofor
Department of Pediatrics, Anambra State University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Adaobi Helen Oli
Department of HIV Care Laboratories, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
Ifeanyi Ezeobi
Department of Surgery, Anambra State University Teaching Hospital, Amaku Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Christian Chibuzo Ibeh
Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: To ascertained and compared the knowledge and attitude of public and private health-care workers in South-East, Nigeria on hospital-acquired infections.
Study Design: A cross sectional surveillance report.
Place and Duration of Study: Randomly selected hospital workers in private and public hospital in South-east Nigeria were administered questionnaire between April and July 2013.
Methodology: Proportional sampling technique was used to obtain a representative sample of the health-care workers. Structured and validated questionnaires (n=660) were self-administered to randomly selected healthcare workers present on the days of visit and consenting to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using Chi square statistical tool.
Results: The workers have good knowledge of HAIs but their attitude to preventive measures is poor and significantly different (p = 0.0002: Chi-square (X2) test). Hospital-acquired infections occurred more in public than private hospitals. The prevalence of nosocomial infections in the hospitals surveyed (as reported by the respondents) is urinary tract infection (34.9%), Gastroenteritis (27.1%), Hospital acquired pneumonia (20.3%), yeast infections (10.8%), Tuberculosis (9.0%), ventilator associated pneumonia (3.6%) and methicillin and/or vancomycin resistant infections (1.5%). The prevalence of the etiological agents of the nosocomial infections are the Staphylococcus aureus (31.0%), Candida albicans/ Aspergillus species (10.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.5%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (9.0%) and Clostridium difficile (3.9%). The workers know well about hospital-acquired infections, 322 (97.58%) and 297 (90%) in public and private hospitals respectively. About 11 (3.6%) and 19 (6.2%) workers in private and public hospitals respectively process their equipment as well as practice hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment.
Conclusions/Recommendation: The burden of HAI is very high. UTI is the most prevalent HAI. The most common causative agent in both hospital setting is Staphylococcus aureus. The knowledge of the workers concerning hospital acquired infections is adequate but their attitude to the infections’ prevention is poor and significantly different. Standardized surveillance of nosocomial infections has to be urgently addressed in Nigeria.
Keywords: Nosocomial Infections, hospitals, knowledge, attitude, healthcare workers