Sleep Pattern: Preventing Factors for Alzheimer Disease
Zhoobin Khorgami
Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.
Kiminobu Sugaya *
Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is investigated by scientists broadly. Although there is no definitive treatment, a better medical intervention can be assumed as a preventive medicine which postpones the onset of disease and delays its progression. Understanding that the sleep changes affect the brain which it will be stabilized later as a cardinal manifestation of disease leads us to review recent studies and theories. In this review, we show that the interruption of circadian rhythm along with disruption of immune and endocrine systems can cause neuronal physiology changes. These changes can enhance neuro inflammation pathology by the time through Aβ deposition forming plaques in the brain tissue. Besides higher level of Aβ in CSF, immune system dysfunction occurred by aging will change solubility of Aβ. Furthermore, the defect in insulin and subsequently decreases in insulin receptor impair glucose metabolism. The dysregulation of glucose metabolism expedites the degenerative pathway and contributes to other oxidative stresses in neurons. The cortex of brain gradually will be damaged extremely and the brain size will shrink intensely and atrophy. In summary, we found that improving of sleep quality can reduce the disease progression and delay its symptoms by having effects in neuropathology.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, memory deterioration, sleep impairments, catecholinaminergic imbalances, insulin signaling, vascular cognitive impairment.